Multimedia In Future Generation Systems Computer Science Essay

Multimedia In Future Generation Systems Computer Science Essay This paper discusses about the mobile multimedia used in various generation of mobile system. It focuses on all the generations that are up to the current trend and also about the future generation which is to be implemented. Since the technologies are improving day by day, it is appropriate to focus on this title which helps us to gain more knowledge about the evolution of mobile multimedia. Number of technologies are been discussed in this paper and which generation of mobile system uses what technology are also discussed in deep. On the other hand the implementation of the future generation (4G) is mainly discussed and the problems it could face while implementing this new generation is also focused. Carrying on with this discussion, a research and investigation topic is brought up where it helps to find the solutions that are used to overcome such problem in a detailed manner and so the readers could easily understand and get to know more about such advanced systems. Summing up, it is clear that in the future nothing is possible without a mobile multimedia communication and without such advanced systems. Mobile Multimedia plays a very important role in this current generation. It is in that state where nothing can take place without a mobile multimedia. Multimedia is a combination of media of different types such as text, audio, image, and video which is represented in a digital form. Text is a string of alphabets from a particular character set. Image is an object that represents a picture form that consists of lines, curves, circles, and so on (Halsall, 2001).Computer generated graphics and digitized documents, and graphical arts are some of the examples of images. Images consists of two different forms, they could be 2D or 3D. When compared with that of hi-fi audio and video systems the bandwidth required for the transmission of text and image is less. Audio is represented by the amplitude of sound waves, which has low-fidelity speech during conversations through telephones and high-fidelity quality audio sound. Video is a motion of frames or images, it can also be known as the tr ansmission of the visible part. It is the broadcasting medium of stationary or movable objects. For such as these communications, implementation of several technologies was involved from earlier generation that is from 1G to the latest development 3G which is further developed to 4G now. The cellular telephony concept that had first been put forward in the late 1940s received a minimal research and development effort during the late 1950s. Every generation that were implemented involves some special technologies. These developments of technologies are according to the requirements of that certain period. But it is clearly noticed that the technological improvement are increasing day by day and several new developments and invented every time. Through this the service providers and the end users are satisfied with the technologies that are implemented. Technology advancements in many areas make it possible to build devices that were not possible even 5 years ago. This paper mainly di scusses about multimedia involving in mobile technology and different fields where mobile multimedia can be used. It also focuses on the different generations of mobile technology where this mobile multimedia had been implemented. As it is known, the mobile world is waiting for the next generation of technology to be implemented, that is 4G. Therefore it is appropriate to focus about this generation in this paper where mobile multimedia will definitely be used. Some importance is also given to 3G since it also used more of this mobile multimedia which served every mobile user up to their expectation without any failure of the implementation process. Expectations are more on this mobile multimedia technology since everything in this current trend requires such technology. Something very much advanced is to be implemented in this upcoming generation of mobile system 4G which are also expected to be derived from the 3G mobile technology. Everyone hopes that the 4G technology will definitely offer a high speed and high quality compared to those of the previous generation multimedia systems. The advancement of the multimedia technology of 4G from 3G is also spoken in this paper and the problems that could arise whi le implementing the mobile multimedia in the future generation are also discussed. Several solutions were gained where such problems while implementing multimedia in 4G can be rectified, so that implantation can easily be carried out. The advantages of 4G are also shown in this paper and how these advantages will be helpful for the end user are also shown in detail. Its no doubt that the users are eagerly waiting for this generation of mobile multimedia technology to be implemented. 2.0 Literature review As previously mentioned, this section focuses on the mobile multimedia technologies at different generations that existed before this current generation of mobile network systems that is the 3G. This gives the readers a brief idea of the previous generation of mobile multimedia and also of how they have been working and how it was useful for the end users. The following paragraphs discusses about the different generations where mobile multimedia have been used. 2.1 Mobile Multimedia in 1G Mobile Technology: This first generation mobile technology became available during the late 1970s to the early 1980s. There were number of other analogue 1G cellular system that began to be deployed around the world during 1980s. This 1G mobile technology is the very first mobile telephones and it is also known as cellular mobile radio telephone. It is that only through this technology the first communication through a mobile phone was made. It was mainly based on analogue signals and this generation consisted of the original analogue signal and it was voice-only cellular telephone standard. These analogue signals were in a wave-like form through which the communications were carried out [Sarah Hyllok, 2000]. All first generation cellular systems used analogue frequency modulation for the transmission of voice messages. For the communication in 1G mobile network, two frequency bands were used called as the downlink and uplink transmissions [Gary J.Mullett., 2005]. This type of mobile communication was considered to be the earliest cellular system to be developed. Since the implementation of 1G mobile technology there were no means of communication through the air using a mobile device. This generation of mobile systems did not have that much of multimedia working on it but the system standard of 1G mobile system sets a operation as a procedure that were required between the mobile subscribers device and the cellular base station. This system also prescribed a protocol and signal that were necessary for the successful exchange of messages or communicating data between the mobile and the cell base station As it is well known, this generation of cellular system uses analogue signals and these signals were developed based on the Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS) [Gary J.Mullett.,2005]. The network standards that were used for this generation of mobile system was Advanced Mobile Phone Service(AMPS), Total Access Communication System(TACS), N ordic Mobile Telephone(NMT). 2.2 Mobile Multimedia in 2G Mobile Technology: The second generation mobile technology was developed during the 1990s. This second generation of cellular systems used digital signals instead of analogue signals. In this generation of mobile system mobile multimedia was introduced. The special feature in this 2G mobile system is the conversion of users voice from analogue to voice message in a digital form. Such conversion is helpful to accommodate more than one user at a time[Gary J.Mullett.,2005]. The main digital signalling is to provide a better voice service to the end users or the consumers. Normally multimedia technology is responsible in providing a good quality of sound. Not only digital signalling was for voice services, it was also used for text messaging and Wireless Application Protocol(WAP) internet access which is impossible without a digitalised version of this multimedia technology. It is a fact that text messages and internet accessing is only been possible through a digital technology of networks. Wireless multimedia was featured in this second generation of mobile systems enabled by Broadcoms GSM/GPRS solution. This solution provided the handheld devices multimedia features such as MMS, WAP2.0 and JAVA applications. The network standards the supported the multimedia in 2G were, Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM) Digital AMPS(D-AMPS) Personal Digital Cellular(PDC) CDMA One[Gour Karmakar et al 2008]. 2.3 Mobile Multimedia in 2.5G Mobile Technology : 2.5G mobile technology in just the advanced version of 2G. 2.5G mobile system has brought us from the first generation of cellular telephone system through the second generation due to the continual and unrelenting onrush of technology[Gary J.Mullett., 2005]. Since 2G system introduced access to the internet, there was a demand for a better data service and better access to the internet. That is the reason the developing team introduced this generation system which met the demands of the consumers. As discussed earlier mobile multimedia was introduced in 2G and therefore there were better service of this multimedia technology when compared with 2G. The access to the internet and other data services was really good and faster than that of 2G mobile technology. While 2.5G system was in action, a broad framework of 3G specifications had already been laid out. But the developers choice was to move into this generation and then into the next technology that is the 3G. This 2.5G was just a n evolutionary approach or an upgrading the existing cellular system before a main generation of mobile technology to be introduced[Gary J.Mullett., 2005]. This 2.5G of mobile technology extends the capability of 2G by providing additional features such as packet-switched connection (GPRS) and enhanced data rates (HSCSD)[Gour Karmakar et al 2008]. Open Multimedia Application Platform(OMAP) were enabled in this mobile system that provided a multimedia-rich capabilities. This OMAP had two main advantages, To maximise the overall performance of the mobile system. To minimise the power consumption. The OMPA core also had two external memory interface and one internal memory port which supports the synchronous and asynchronous memories. These memory ports are used for configuration and also for the storage of the program that supports the multimedia. The other memory allows direct connection to the chip. To enable such high level of multimedia application for a high-end phone Reduced Instruction Set Computing(RISC) and Digital Signal Processor(DSP) are also required.[J. Chaoui et al, 2009]. The definition for DSP and RISC will be discussed in 3G section since this enabling system is used more there. 2.4 Mobile Multimedia in 3G Mobile Technology: This 3G mobile generation is in the current trend and almost all service providers work with this technology and through which the consumers are satisfied with technological development. This 3G technology involves all advanced versions of the 2G and 2.5G mobile systems. 3G uses a host of high-tech infrastructure networks which enables the user to access the internet at a high-speed[www.cellular.co.za]. This 3G cellular system provides a better bandwidth to support varying data rates on demand to the subscribers. 3G mainly provides an easy access to the internet than the previous generations. Additional to this, 3G mobile system supports multiple simultaneous connections, IP addressing to the users and so anything can be done online. This concept of mobile multimedia can also be called as Anywhere, Anytime and Anyhow accessing. For these technologies to be successful, 3G offers superior voice quality and broadband data transmission. 3G mobile system is doing a pretty good job of deli vering mobile broadband to a new generation of devices[www.fiercewireless.com]. Now a days all the mobile phone manufacturers are mainly focusing on manufacturing mobile devices that support 3G technology. Its just because this generation offers some advanced techniques and so it is better and easy to use for the mobile users. Mobile broadband offers almost all facilities in accessing the internet on a mobile device. It also provided positioning services and these services were made available where 3G system works on a mobile device. The most essential feature in 3G mobile system was video conferencing. First it is good to know something about video conferencing before focusing on how 3G multimedia technology is useful in video conferencing. Video conferencing is also done with the help of mobile multimedia applications and it is a 2 way communication with real time audio and vision and it also allows to display papers using the electronic document camera and also allows to play pre -recorded videos. This 3G is the advanced form of mobile communication as it allows to stream video. These are all done through the means of introducing mobile multimedia in to the third generation of mobile systems. As discussed earlier the implementation of DSP/RISC in this 3G system provided a high level of multimedia application. Supporting handsets were manufactured to implement such technology. OMPA in addition to DSP and RISC were also used to make the multimedia application more effective that the end users to be satisfied of the applications. The essential feature of this multimedia application in 3G is not being used widely due to the screen size of the mobile phone; rather people find it easy and comfortable if done through a personal computer. So as said before this 3G mobile system gives the entire essential feature to the user for their convenience[J. Chaoui et al, 2009]. In some countries this 3G were not implemented due to following factors, Building new networks costs more. Cost involved in additional spectrum licensing. Cost of upgrading equipments [Gour Karmakar et al, 2008]. This 3G has some very important advantages, Enhanced multimedia which has control over voice, data, video and remote control. Accessible on all popular modes such as e-mail, fax, web browsing. High speed usage and a broad bandwidth.[www.advisorict.com] 2.4.1 Role of DSP/RISC in 3G: Digital Signal Processor(DSP) and Reduced Instruction Set Computing(RISC) are included in the OMAP architecture. RISC architecture is responsible for control type code such as the Operating System, User Interface, and the OS applications. A DSP does the signal processing applications which gives a good quality of output such as MPEG4 video, speech recognition, and audio playback. As it is known the OMAP core includes two external memory interfaces and one internal memory port. One of the external memory interfaces is used to support direct connection to synchronous and the other to support the standard asynchronous memories. The asynchronous memory types are SRAM, FLASH, or burst FLASH devices and this memory type is used to store programs. The internal memory connects directly to the on-chip memory which can be used to access data whenever required. The interfaces are not dependent on each other and allow to access the data from direct memory access (DMA) unit. There are numerous interfaces contained in the OMAP core that connects to the peripheral or to the external devices from the DSP or GPP. DMA is also supported by these interfaces to improve the efficiency of the system.[J.Chaoui et al, 2000] 2.4.2 General Characteristics of 3G Mobile Multimedia: There are some general characteristics of this generation which uses multimedia applications, 3G offers seamless interoperability and inter-working among various technologies and systems. The single standard provides the functionality of mobile, voice, data, internet and multimedia services onto a single platform. IMT-2000 user can also experience seamless delivery of services over a number of media. It provides high transmission rates, minimum of 2Mbps for users on the go and 348Kbps for mobile users. 2.5 Mobile Multimedia in 4G Mobile Technology 4G mobile system is the advanced technology of all other generations. This forth coming generation is expected to provide a wide variety of services from high-quality voice to high-definition videos anywhere in the world through high data rate wireless channels [Young Kyun et al, 2005]. For the purpose of high data rate, broad frequency bands are required and such broadband can be obtained by higher frequency bands such as microwave, millimetre-wave etc [Communications Magazine, IEEE 2008]. Developments are being carried out for a higher capacity with the help of the terminal protocol technology. A separate technology known as the public software platform technology is used to enable the application programs for downloading, and to provide high quality media coding technology over mobile networks. 4G mobile technology will have higher transmission data rate than 3G for the purpose of better communication. The goal of 4G is the convergence of wireless mobile with wireless access multi media communication technologies[Gary J.Mullett., 2005]. 2.5.1 Expected Characteristics of 4G Mobile Multimedia Informations that could be accessible from anywhere globally. Transmission of real-time data in a high-level quality, since demand for multimedia data is increasing day after day. The transmission cost is expected to be low. Personalized integrated service instantly[Gour Karmakar et al, 2008]. 4G is expected to provide an improved broadband, much better than the 3G technology. The flow of data transmission could be in a higher speed for a better service. 4G is expected to provide the users with high quality colour video images and 3D graphic animation games[Young Kyun et al, 2005]. Mobile multimedia in interaction. Mobile multimedia in action. 4G is also expected to be a combination of WiMAX and WiFi and such advanced multimedia system has been developed with two main architectures, Interworking: This is used to work internally among different networks such as wireless LAN ad-hoc, digital video broadcast-terrestrial(DVB-T). Integration: This is to provide a seamless integration of all the generation of mobile system into a single technology[Ruiz 2002]. 3.0 Research and investigation Since this paper focuses mainly on the implementation of multimedia it is appropriate to investigate and compare this generation (4G) with the rest of the previous generations. This generation of mobile system includes all the technologies that were involved in the implementation and the working of the 3G. Some special technologies such WiMAX are also included to deliver any fundamental shift in the underlying cost. 4G can be called as the evolution and the revolution of the mobile systems. It is just because some of the techniques are expected to be derived from the previous generation (3G) and some are to be new innovation technologies. Technologies are being developed by the 3GPP long-term evolution project team to make a move from the current generation to the next generation. This project is carried out such a way that this generation has the maximum level of multimedia applications that benefits the end users. Thus a great expectation is on this generation of mobile systems and the whole world is looking forward to work on this technology in the near future. This generation of mobile systems cannot be compared to the first (1G) or the second (2G) generation since its (4G) capability is far beyond these generations. There are some challenges to be faced while implementing this generation of technology (4G). The major challenges that are to be considered are the mobile stations, systems and services. It is because of the advanced technologies deployed in the generation and so the systems are required to support such advanced mobile multimedia technologies. The mobile stations need to work in that speed of this system only then the data transmission will be continuous and without any delay in accessing for the users. 4.0 Conclusion Summing up the whole paper it is noticed that nothing could take place without a mobile multimedia application and communication. The different generations had different specialities and different technologies, but every time the system improves with the forth coming generation. For every generation the mobile operators around the globe are offering an increasing variety of mobile multimedia service [Gary J.Mullett.,2005]. In the first generation (1G) basic trends towards a mobile system had been described, but it is no more used. Similar way in the second generation (2G) an advanced study has been made since this system is still being used in some countries. The next generation (3G) which is being used now dealt with the emerging technologies as well as the path way to the future generation. On the whole the implementation of mobile multimedia in 4G is well spoken and some solutions were given to overcome the problem.

Baroque Art Essay

It’s hard to make a distinction in which the beginning of the Baroque period is clearly distinguished from that of the late Renaissance. Nonetheless, Baroque art is emotional, decorative and a direct result of the Counter-Reformation movement in Europe. During the Baroque period, there was a dramatic religious split in the Church with the formation of Protestantism. Catholics reacted with the Counter-Reformation to revitalize Catholicism. They needed to attract viewers with religious art that more significantly impacted onlookers. Protestant areas (in the North) responded with a lack of religious art, concentrating, for example, on genre paintings that taught their viewers moral lessons. Compositions tended to have more open space. The Baroque style originated in Italy and spread north, profoundly affecting the rest of Europe as it spread. In his survey of art history text, Gardner’s Art Through the Ages: A Global History, Fred S. Kleiner asserts that the term Baroque is â€Å"problematic† because the era encompasses a broad range of genres and styles. At the same time, it is effective in describing the art of the 17th century, a style marked by dynamism and movement, drama and greatness. Since the masses could not read, there could be no better way to feed them religion-Catholicism’s particular view of it-than through grand pictures depicting Biblical lessons and the dominance of Catholicism, figured the Church. One of the most interesting examples of art as propaganda for the Catholic Church is Caravaggio’s Conversion of Saint Paul, painted ca. 1603. In 1600, Caravaggio was commissioned to paint two pictures. One is Crucifixion of Saint Peter, a dramatic and unconventional work. The other is Paul’s Conversion, which hangs across the chapel from Saint Peter in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome. Also known as Conversion on the Way to Damascus or The Road to Damascus, this depiction of Paul’s conversion is known as the most intriguing of the two paintings. In this grand picture Caravaggio portrays the moment described in the Bible, in the Book of Acts, when Paul (then Saul) falls to the ground in an epiphany from the Lord. The egocentric, Christian-hating Saul is on his way to Damascus, on a mission to witch-hunt Christians there. In Acts chapter 22, verses 6-7, Saul describes the moment: â€Å"About noon as I came near Damascus, suddenly a bright light from heaven flashed around me. I fell to the ground and heard a voice say to me, ‘Saul! Saul! Why do you persecute me? ‘† This information is important to consider when studying Caravaggio’s representation of the event. Caravaggio, who, in his personal life, was known to have an erratic disposition and not long after painting this scene, he fled Rome after killing a man (Encyclopedia Britannica) clearly was a revolutionary in his art. In this scene’s it perhaps showed the mystery in the man that represents Caravaggio’s sarcasm, his sardonic version of Jesus, who, after all, is the one who knocked Saul senseless. If so, what is it that Caravaggio is secretly saying about Jesus? We will never know, but the possibility is at least entertaining. Summary While Baroque art arose out of an effort to manipulate the masses through propaganda tactics, it changed and evolved as it spread throughout Europe. Today, the style can be appreciated for its many accomplishments, everything from its realistic renderings to its grand drama and its larger-than-life grandeur. Baroque art has an intensity and immediacy not seen prior. The exquisite attention to detail and the realism of the style are part of what defines this age. Many masters emerged from this era, masters whose styles are widely varied and whose intentions were just as varied, and much can be learned from them and the legacies they left behind in their art, music, literature and architecture. Combined, these characteristics make the Baroque style one of the most compelling periods in the history of Western art.

Hollywood Constructions of Gender Essay

Hollywood had portrayed a variety of different categories of heroes in its cinematic history. None has been more important to film than the superhero and the Western. Both superheroes and Western heroes are considered tough and ready to conquer the evils of the world. Any actor playing Superman is able to portray the â€Å"Man of Steel† simply by putting on the red cape while John Wayne and Clint Eastwood embody the characteristics of true Western heroes. Male superheroes and Western heroes have dominated the big screen for many decades however; there are contradictory mythologies that these heroes also embody. These are discussed as they relate to superheroes and Western heroes. The role women play in establishing traits of these heroes is also analyzed. There hasn’t been another actor who has so captivated audiences with his portrayal of Superman as Christopher Reeve did in Superman in 1978. In this movie, Superman is really an alien from Krypton who has been sent to Earth before his home planet explodes. On Earth he is adopted by Jonathan and Martha Kent who raise them as their own son, Clark. Clark works at a newspaper and embodies a certain gentle persona (Donner, 1978; Engle, 744). The contradictory mythology surrounding Superman is that he is a mild mannered man in the form of Clark Kent but is a â€Å"man of steel† with superhuman powers when he takes on the characteristics of Superman (Engle, 744). Superman has dominated Hollywood since Christopher Reeve played him in 1978 because of his undying efforts to save the world from the clutches of evil (Engle, 744). In Superman, Christopher Reeve must save the world from the evil plots devised by Lex Luthor to launch missiles in order to make a fortune in real estate (Donner, 1978). The audience is counting on Superman to save the day and this is what makes Superman a true superhero. The American people know that they can count of Superman to rid the world of evil and this why Superman has continued to dominate the big screen in several remakes since the 1978 classic. Throughout Superman, Christopher Reeve is pursuing Lois Lane who is pursuing Superman (Donner, 1978). The superhero pursuing a beautiful female gives some human characteristics to hero status. Clark Kent was unable to persuade Lois Lane to go out with him but had she known that he was really Superman she would have loved nothing less. The beautiful female pursuing the hero gives credibility to his hero status (Seger, 317). Women have allowed male heroes to dominate the big screen because they have secret fantasies of a superhero swooping in and saving them from their troubles. Therefore, superheroes provide something for everyone. Small boys embody hero characteristics through play, men enjoy hero movies because of the action and the overcoming of evil and women enjoy these movies because of the desire to have a big, strong superhero risk life and limb to save them. Western heroes have also dominated the big screen for decades. The Wild West caused great fear in many civilized people from the East (Engle, 747). The Western hero was able to portray attempts to tame the Wild West through â€Å"independence, self-reliance, personal honor, sympathy with nature, and ethical uses of violence† (Engle, 747). John Wayne was one such actor who truly embodied the characteristics of a Western hero. In The Searchers, John Wayne plays a Civil War veteran who is searching for his abducted niece. It takes place during a time when the west was still considered wild. Wayne internalizes the Western hero characteristic of independence because the movie opens and no one knows where he has been for the past three years (Ford, 1956). In this way he is also showing his own self-reliance. He is a typical Western hero because he is a loner and takes care of himself without needing anyone else along for the ride. Wayne decides to search for his niece but doesn’t call in many people to help in his search (Ford, 1956). Similarly, Wayne was able to show personal honor through his personal quest to find his abducted niece. Finally, John Wayne is typically associated with cowboy hats and guns blazing in to save the day. He uses violence in an ethical manner in The Searchers because he feels it is his personal duty to track down his niece and he is willing to go to whatever lengths necessary to do so (Ford, 1956). Since characters like John Wayne stood for what good American boys should want to be (Engle, 747) there was no shortage of female pursuers. The contradictory mythology surrounding Western heroes is that they appear rough and tough on the outside but have a gentle nature that isn’t revealed to just anyone (Engle 747). This is opposite of the superhero characteristics that show an everyday normal person morphing into a rough and tough hero sent to save the day. Western heroes are considered brave men as compared to the more civilized men of the East. Men who were brave enough to saddle up and head West were considered heroes because of their lack of fear of the â€Å"wild† west (Engle, 747). Therefore, women longed to attract the attentions of a Western hero because they would feel safe and protected with such a brave, strong man around. Villains help mold a superhero or Western hero into an American icon. Superheroes avoid their arch enemy because the enemy has discovered their weakness and tries to use to defeat the superhero. Villains in Western films are usually the outlaws or Indians that must be defeated in order to preserve a peaceful and safe place to live. The villain in hero movies represents some sort of adversity that must be overcome (Seger, 317). In the case of Lex Luthor, Superman must overcome the greed that he portrayed in order to save the world and keep it a safe and prosperous place (Donner, 1978). In the case of John Wayne, the villains he had to defeat were the ones who stood in the way of finding his niece (Ford, 1956). The villains force the heroes to go to whatever length is necessary in order to reach their goal. Superman had to overcome the evil Lex Luthor in order to save Lois Lane and John Wayne had to overcome his adversaries in order to save his abducted niece. Therefore, villains push heroes to change and grow in order to remain true heroes. Superheroes and Western heroes are both considered hyper masculine. They are what embody the true definition of a hero. They are willing to put their own lives on the line to save the lives of others. Hero stories are myths simply because one person is not capable of ridding the world of evil and saving everyone in trouble. Myths help humans create a vision of where they would like to go and what they would like to do. Myths take the injustices of the world and give humans hope for change (Seger, 317). What makes heroes so heroic is that they live rather simple lives until the call to action is sent out. Superman is really Clark Kent who is a newspaper reporter. John Wayne is a Civil War veteran just like so many other men during the time of the Wild West. The difference between normal humans and heroes is that heroes take it upon themselves to make the world a better place (Seger, 317). This is why myths are so contradictory. The heroes take on human characteristics but underneath they possess superhuman abilities to fight evil. â€Å"Myths bring depth to the hero story† (Seger, 326). Hero myths have the power to dominate the big screen because they allow humans to imagine the contradictory aspects of heroes being incorporated into their own lives. Small children will play hero games endlessly as they dream of growing up and saving the day. However, this desire to rid the world of evil doesn’t go away as a child gets older. Instead, it grows stronger as adults realize that mythological heroes are unlikely to exist. However, humans return again and again to theaters to see hero movies because they provide hope for the future. They allow humans the ability to hold onto childhood dreams that they can be heroes and superheroes and Western heroes embody those desirable characteristics: bravery and strength.

Get to Know Your Christmas Tree - Tips for Real Christmas Tree Lovers

Odysseus By Homer s The Odyssey - 891 Words

In Homer’s The Odyssey, Odysseus endures an arduous voyage filled with countless dangers. Although he is praised by comrades and countrymen as a wise, heroic king, Odysseus does not actually live up to his name as he begins this trip back to Ithaka. Through his journey though, Odysseus corrects his reckless, undisciplined, and arrogant actions, learning responsibility, restraint, and humility in the process. Although Odysseus is the captain of a fleet, he initially takes no responsibility for the welfare of his crew. When exploring unknown lands, he often â€Å"sent out two picked men and a runner to learn what race of men that land sustained.† *(147) The king delegates the task solely to fulfill his own curiosity, without consideration of any dangers his men might face, such as intoxication in the land of the Lotus Eaters and cannibalism in the land of the Laistrygonians. Due to his indiscretion, Odysseus puts his men in unnecessary peril. Not only does Odysseusâ€℠¢ decisions lead to the death of crewmates, his choices also brutalize innocent people. He lacks the control to restrain himself and his crew from pointless violence. At the first stop on the journey, the land of the Kikones, the king and his crew â€Å"stormed that place and killed the men who fought.† (146) Extending their barbarism, they plundered and â€Å"enslaved the women, to make division, equal share to all†. (146) Odysseus has no control of reason, causing irrational bloodshed and atrocities upon mere strangers.Show MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Katniss And Odysseus And Homer s The Odyssey1867 Words   |  8 Pagesend, are similar. Katniss and Odysseus both experienced the epic hero cycle and display similar characteristics. In the Hunger Games, Katniss Everdeen was a girl whose purpose was to find a way to support her mother and younger sister. 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Each event in this epic poem has a symbolic meaning behind it. Homer writes about the history, symbolism, and the characters in The Odyssey. The Odyssey is about the Greek gods and heroes and their adventures (Makman). Odysseus is the main character, and he is going on a questRead MoreEssay on Archetypes in the Odessey718 Words   |  3 PagesArchetypes in The Odyssey In Homers epic poem â€Å"The Odyssey† there are many archetypes, many of which were the origin of the archetype. An archetype is a character type, place, or symbol, every culture shares. In â€Å"The Odyssey† Homer uses archetypes to evoke meaning to the story. Some examples of archetypes in â€Å"The Odyssey† are the temptress, and the father-son conflict. In the story â€Å"The Odyssey† there are a couple temptress’. Two examples are Calypso and the sirens. In â€Å"The Odyssey† Calypso keepsRead MoreWomen in the Odyssey1646 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant positions and purposes within it`s routine were filled by males. This societal organization is often times reflected in many pieces of literature of various time periods, however there are texts in which contrary to the patriarchal society models, women are given substantial importance within the plot. Homer`s The Odyssey, Heart of Darnkness by Joseph Conrad and Aeschylus`s Oresteia each demonstrate or conceal female importance in a given society. The Odyssey was written in a time when men playedRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey1267 Words   |  6 PagesLife in The Odyssey In The Odyssey, Odysseus is constantly being challenged. He is being challenged, so Homer can show us the standards for life in The Odyssey. There is no doubt that Odysseus is a great man, Homer even says so in the beginning lines of the text. Although Odysseus is a great man, he also makes mistakes but not any that he doesn t pay for. We learn the representation of life in The Odyssey through Odysseus challenges. Throughout the book, Odysseus specifically struggles with arrogance

Renaissance Art The Renaissance Period - 867 Words

Renaissance Art The Renaissance time period was home to many new ideas in art. This includes new artists bringing forth ideas that had yet to be discovered and made popular. New themes and types of art were also being brought forward during this period. Numerous artists had to of been present to make Renaissance art the way it is. Some of the world’s most famous artists were working during this time period, including Leonardo da Vinci, and other artists like Sandro Botticelli and Lorenzo Ghiberti. Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, better known as Leonardo da Vinci, was a Florentine artist and is probably one of the most recognized artists of the Renaissance. Two of his well-known works include the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper (Leonardo†¦show more content†¦This period housed many depictions of the Virgin Mary, including Cimabue’s Enthroned Madonna and Child. Mary was seen as the perfect example of feminine virtue, showing chastity, piety, humility, and maternity. Images of the Madonna, or Mary, whether sculpture or painting, encouraged women to live up to her. Mary wasn’t the only woman that was looked up to in Renaissance art. Women could be portrayed as witches, saints, temptresses, or members of the working class, and their image would still be an encouragement to dress and behave properly. (Jacobs) As for paintings and sculptures, Renaissance art was very plentiful in these types of art, with many of the famous pieces of this time period being paintings, such as the Mona Lisa or Birth of Venus. Along with themes, new types of art were being discovered and used during this time period, and old types were resurfacing. This included the return of printmaking, like etchings, engravings, and woodcuts, from the Gothic period, which expanded greatly during the Renaissance. (Boorsch) Printmaking was a well known and widely used form of art during the late 15th and early 16th century Renaissance. Although this was late in the time period, Rembrandt was known for his etchings and drypoints. The process of etching and engraving is carried out by taking a metal or copper plate and covering it with an acid-resistant substance. The printmaker draws into the metal, exposing the plate. â€Å"Acid is then used toShow MoreRelatedArt and History: The Renaissance and the Mannerist Periods1449 Words   |  6 PagesArt and history Since the human race began, human beings have made attempts to demonstrate how they feel about life, religion and other topics through artwork creations. This has been achieved through paintings, architecture, and sculpture or cave drawings. this artwork has acted like a time capsule and has made it possible for people to see the views artists had on the world during their time.as technology and time progressed there was also progression in the world of art. 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Estate Securitization and Corporate Strategy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Estate Securitization and Corporate Strategy. Answer: Introduction The corporate real estate is the business property and the furniture which is used by the business for their operational purposes. It supports the business operations of the organization, increase convenience or comfort of the employees and different workplace requirements. The corporate real estate is the division of the organization which manages the real property of the organization for its own operations. A big organization typically includes, the main headquarters, branch offices, manufacturing unit and the retail unit. The corporate real estate manager is concerned with the planning, buying, administration and designing of the real-estate property. The professionals in the Corporate Real Estate managers try to fill the demand of the business organizations by purchasing or procuring the furniture and the real estate. The real estate management is closely related to the facilities management and the real estate management. In the corporate portfolio, the residential sites are ver y rare and they primarily focus on the office, commercial properties and the manufacturing sites (Lindholm Levinen, 2006). The primary aim of the corporate real estate managers is the cost containment wherein all the requirements of the employees must be fulfilled. In this regard, the present report will shed light on the evolution of the corporate real estate in the present times and the current practices of the corporate real estate managers to address the needs of different generations. The corporate leaders in the business organizations do not perceive the potential of the real estate in the achievement of the business goals. The real estate property is considered as a cost of conducting operations rather than adding value to the business. In the recent times, there are several factors such as the globalization of the business, changes in technology, transformation to the service economy, changes in the workplace design has increased the challenges of the firms regarding how real estate fits into the strategic plan of the organization. The present is challenging and highly competitive business environment and requires physical, functional and financial flexibility to increase the performance of the employees. There are different workplace requirements of different personnel of a business organization. The HR managers of the organization require well-furnished workplaces in attractive locations which can be easily modified later. On the other hand, the financial department of the organization is focused on reducing the cost and the financial exposure to organization. The property decisions are highly critical in the business organization, their recruitment and retention within the organization. Other than that, it is also critical in enhancing the performance of the employees and increasing their satisfaction with the workplace. The corporate managers need to select the appropriate property for the business organization as the site selection can enhance the brand image of the organization. However, it is quite diffi cult to quantify the effect of positive property image on the corporate image. The primary aim of the business corporations is to increase the value of the corporation and establish aims to drive the business growth of the organization. The positive workplace can increase the employee morale, satisfaction and the productivity of the organization. Although in the past, it was considered as a burden, now it considered as a major business discipline which can align the efforts of the organization with the main strategy of the organization. Traditionally, the Corporate Real Estate (CRE) decisions were made on a random basis and without consultation with the other business units such as the human resource department, technology and the operations department (Rianne Barry, 2014). Moreover, the business decisions were driven by the immediate business needs of the organization rather than the long-term strategy. The negligence of the Corporate Real Estate (CRE) can have several negative effects on the organization. It hinders an organization to achieve its full potential. It is also important to strategically invest in the Corporate Real Estate as it is one of the costliest resource of the organization only after the labor cost. In the past, the corporate real estate managers were focused on the cost reduction of the organization. However, it is not the right strategy for the business organizations. A company can choose different real estate strategies; however, achieving alignment means to choose adequate CRE strategy which can support the corporate goals. Current Practices of Corporate Real Estate There are several functions of the corporate real estate manager such as forecasting the number of employees and the demand for the office space. The real estate managers are in the deterministic position to decide how the space will be utilized within the office environment. The managers should be able to reduce the inefficient spaces and analyze the office space provision. Today, the organizations have adopted space less growth strategy which means that the increase in the employee number does not require increase in the workstations. With the economic development, there is an additional issue of changing demographics of the workforce. There is a possibility that different generations are working at the same office space and all of these generations have different expectations from the workplace. The generations present at the office space can be categorized in three categories, namely, baby boomers (born between 1946 and 1964), generation X (born between 1965 and 1980) and the generation Y (born between 1982 and 2000) (Barry, 2011). The baby boomers are in their late working years and have seen the shift of the workplace from industrialized operations to the office based sitting jobs. The baby boomers are considered to have good work ethics. They are social, outgoing and like to work in teams. They are desire to the part of the management and all the major decision-making process. They also want personal interaction with the other members of the team and the management. A liberal style of leadership is more appropriate for the people of this generation (Brounen, 2003). The Generation X has an altogether different relationship with the work. They consider work as a significant yet small part of life ad consider it as means to earn living and enjoy their lives. They are self-reliant, curious and work in an independent manner. However, several times, they may question the information of the baby boomers which might upset them. Generation Y workers have a more participative approach towards work and focus on work-life balance. With the increased competition, the work load on the generation Y employees is very high, which has raised the concern about the work-life balance. They are focused and goal-oriented. They are technology enthusiast and have the capability to multitask with other operations. The generation Y workers are an integral part of the entire workforce. There are several characteristics of the generation Y workers which distinguishes them with the entire workforce. A significant amount of the Generation Y become the part of the workforce. These workers remain connected with their peers and colleagues with the help of social media and other online platforms ((Barry, 2011). They have a multi-tasking approach and remain constantly with the help of social media. The young generation do not like ambiguity and prefer immediate directions and clear feedback. The corporate real estate manager has to observe the characteristics of the users of different generations and have to come up with the best decisions. The office location is determined near the urban or semi-urban settings. The workplace should also be a reflection of the lifestyle of the people and it may include several various supporting facilities such as restaurants and the coffee shops. They also desire that they get opportunity to customize their desk and create some identity for themselves. The creativity or the productivity of the employees can be improved by implementing different strategies. The working environment should focus on facilitating the communication between different employees. The ambience and the atmosphere of the organization should not be judged and it should be positive and highly costly (Appel-Meulenbroek Haynes, 2014). The generation X is little bit older that the generation Y. There are several characteristics of the generation Y for which the corporate real estate manager has to implement different strategies. Firstly, the generation Y workers make only a small portion of the entire workforce. Secondly, they are transformational which means they always want to be connected through social media and the mobile devices. Other than that, the generation Y have the ability to multitask as they use several digital devices at the same time. The generation Y have different work ethics and they need to be consulted regarding the management decisions. They desire challenging task without any ambiguity and require clear directions and immediate feedbacks. With the identification of the requirements of the different generations, several changes should be made at the workplace to make it user friendly. The location of office should be in urban or semi-urban location as it will assist in the recruitment of the employees without the worry of public transportation (Gibler, Black Moon, 2002). The generation Y workers consider the office as an extension of the home life and use different support spaces such as gym, restaurant and coffee shops. The generation Y workers prefer to have their own desk and try to adapt their workspace according to their personal preference. It is important to balance a strike between the office space and the productive workers. The generation Y workers perceive that the creativity and the productivity of the employees can be enhanced by facilitating the interaction with other people, establishing a nice atmosphere and providing technical support. The generation Y workers should work in environmentally friendly work space. The generation Y workers require that their demands should be addressed. The workspace requirements for the older generation of baby boomers and the generation X is different and should be considered while designing the workplace. A significant portion of the workforce comprises of the people above the age of 50; therefore, it is important to adapt the workforce according to these employees. There are certain factors such as shrinking pension funds retained knowledge, legislations and the longevity of the employees (Langford Haynes, 2015). A financial services company in Australia utilized the corporate retail management strategy for the workplace. The research partner of the organization was University of Melbourne, Australia. The research findings stated that there should be support for different working styles. The people from different generations should be able to work together in a collaborative manner. Today, most of the business organizations are focusing on collaboration through open work environment; however, it has resulted in the loss of private space required for contemplation. There should be three specific types of spaces which can enhance the productivity of the older generation. It can also enhance the productivity of the workers of all ages. There are three types of spaces required in an ideal workplace, namely, space to concentrate, space to collaborate and the space to contemplate. The organization should also support the psycho-social requirements of the older generation. There are certain physical and mental requirements of the older generation workers which could support the well-being of the older generations (Barry, 2011). The vision of the older generation tends to get worse with age; therefore, it is important to give considerations to provide special lighting which can assist the vision of the older generation. Other than that, there will be hearing issues with the people above the age of 40s. These people might have difficulty in hearing in an open office environment. It is important to reduce the background noise of such people. Conclusion It can be concluded that the corporate real estate has developed as an important discipline in the business organizations. The aim of the corporate real estate managers is to align the business strategy with the real estate property of the organization. At the present, several generations are working together within the business organization. It is important that facilities are provides as per the needs of different generations. The comfort and the convenience of the employees is directly related to their productivity. Therefore, it is essential to design the workplace as per the needs of different generations. References Lindholm, A. Levinen, K.I. (2006). A framework for identifying and measuring value added by corporate real estate. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 8(1), pp. 38-46. Rianne, A.M. and Barry, H. (2014). An overview of steps and tools for the corporate real estate strategy alignment process. Corporate Real Estate Journal, 4 (1), 44-61. Barry, B. (2011). The impact of generational differences on the workplace. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 13 (2), 98-108. Haynes, B., Nunnington, N., Eccles, T. (2017). Corporate Real Estate Asset Management: Strategy and Implementation. Routledge. Jensen, P.A., Voordt, T. (2016). Facilities Management and Corporate Real Estate Management as Value Drivers: How to Manage and Measure Adding Value. Taylor Francis. Gibler, K., Black, R., Moon, K. (2002). Time, place, space, technology and corporate real estate strategy.Journal of Real Estate Research,24(3), 235-262. Langford, L., Haynes, B. (2015). An investigation into how corporate real estate in the financial services industry can add value through alignment and methods of performance measurement.Journal of Corporate Real Estate,17(1), 46-62. Appel-Meulenbroek, R., Haynes, B. (2014). An overview of steps and tools for the corporate real estate strategy alignment process.Corporate real estate journal,4(1), 44-61. Brounen, D. (2003). Real estate securitization and corporate strategy. From bricks to bucks. Rozenberg Publishers.